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Post by chefying on Nov 26, 2014 5:25:17 GMT
Yuan Dynasty C.E. 1271-1368
During this time, Wang Ying was well known for his mastery in the sabre, and was known as "Sabre King"
During this time, Deng Bi was well now for his mastery in twin swords, and was known as "Sword King"
In 1356 the Red Turban brigands invaded Shaolin Temple in Song Mountain. the monks fled to Shandong for refuge.
In this period was the first time martial arts were incorporated into dramatic arts, in the form of "action drama" such as "Li Da shoulders thorns", "Lord Guan attends banquet bearing a single weapon", "Single Whip captures Lance", "Three Heroes battles LvBu", etc.
Forumer yenchin explained and commented thus:
"The Red Turbans are basically formed from two branches of the White Lotus Cult.
One was led by "Monk Peng" (彭和尚) and Xu ShouHui (徐壽輝). The Monk Peng is indeed that Monk Peng in Jin Yong's Heavenly Sword, Dragon Sabre, while Xu is mentioned near the ending of the novel where Chen YouLiang (陳友諒) who escaped capture from the Beggar Clan joins the Ming Cult under Xu's troops.
Another branch, led by Liu FuTong (劉福通), originally was Han ShanTong's (韓山童) follower. After Han was captured Liu fought for awhile, and eventually elected his son, Han LinEr (韓林兒) as leader. Liu and the elder Han were mentioned in HSDS while the younger Han had some scenes as well.
So why would such a resistance group attack Shaolin? Would it be that one of their Elders was held in there, like the Golden Maned Lion King? Or they were looking for some martial art scrolls, special weapons, or the real life Dragon Sabre? Or, perhaps, the Shaolin Monks had good connections with the Mongolians, contrary to the belief that they resisted them? Something to think about"
Thanks to yenchin, I am enlightened. I am constantly surprised by Jin Yong's ability to fuse real life characters into the fiction he writes.
As for the events in Shaolin Temple, I am more unhappy with the fact that the Shaolin monks got chased off from Shaolin temple. Perhaps it is not so much that the monks could not resist the invaders - Shaolin Temple was never built for/with defense in mind - but the bonzes had to leave because there were too many invaders. It is the concept of "many ants will bring down an elephant".
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Post by chefying on Nov 27, 2014 7:15:10 GMT
After the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty came the Ming Dynasty... I have broken it up into parts so that it is easier to read. The first part of the Mings:- Ming Dynasty C.E. 1368-1644I found this first part rather uninteresting, so I will run through it quickly. 1374 - An ancestor of the Chen Tribe moved the family to a valley in another part of ShanXi Province and re-named it Chen Family Valley. In time, this family would be instrumental in bringing Chen Style Taiji to public knowledge. 1561 - During this time, the famous general Yu Dayou 俞大猷 visited Shaolin Temple, and witnessed the monks in their cudgel practice. Two monks were subsequently selected to train the army for three years. 1565 - During this time, the famous general Yu Dayou 俞大猷 wrote "Sword Manual" 剑经 and "Art of the Archery" 射法. 1571 - A famous general wrote "Practical Aspects of Training the Army" 练兵实纪1589 - A famous general wrote "Manual on Battle Formations" 阵记. 1591 - A Japanese martial arts practitioner arrived in Mainland China to learn traditional Chinese martial arts. Forumer yenchin made this comment on the above, and in particular, the comment on year 1561:- Actually it's the other way around, "隨軍學習" means "Learn with the troops"
The story is that General Yu visited Shaolin, and when he watched the monks showing their martial arts, he noticed that the essence of their skills had been lost.
"此寺以劍技名天下,乃傳久而訛,真訣皆失矣" (This temple is famous for its sword skills, but with a long lineage it has become misunderstood, and the true secrets have lost!)
All over the internet it is mentioned that the "sword" actually means "staff". But I can't find the reason. But anyways he told the monks this issue and they sent two monks to train with them. After 3 years, the monks went back to Shaolin to train the other monks.
This record can be found in a stone tablet outside the Temple. It seems that the Red Turban attack and probably some other reasons really caused quite a loss in Shaolin martial arts.
Also the mixed usage of "sword" and "staff" seems to be the notion for the martial arts in the movie "The Sword Identity". Though in the movie the sword style is attributed to General Qi JiGuang, another martial artist and famous general.
And this was forumer yenchin's comment on the events of year 1565:- Interesting. Not only Yu refers the staff as a sword in the tablet mentioned in my previous post. This "Sword Manual" is a manual about staff usage! (Or is it?)
Here's the whole text, with pictures www.cos.url.tw/fight/stick.htm
The style he writes about, is a combination of a "Jing Chu" sword style (荊楚長劍), the Yang Family Spear, into his own staff style.
In the manual he mentions that he feels that the staff is the basic skill of weapon using, after mastering it one would have no difficulties in learning other weapons.
Sounds like more "Sword Identity" material. I totally agree with yenchin. While I did not like the film "Sword Identity", when yenchin mentioned the sword and the staff, the "Sword Identity" film came to my mind immediately. I also had a look at the link to the text yenchin mentioned. Yes, it is a staff but yet it was called "sword manual". I have to conclude that the sword and staff had been merged into one, as per the film "Sword Identity". The combination of a sharp cutting/stabbing weapon onto a staff makes me think of a Da Dao 大刀/Ba Men Dao 把门刀/Guan Dao 关刀, except that the Da Dao etc. has a chopping sabre attached to it, not a stabbing and slicing sword. A stabbing/slicing sword attached to a pole leads me to think of the Japanese weapon naginata. It evolved into a weapon wielded by the females to protect their home. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaginataSo, to presume that the "Sword Manual" describes the fusion of a sword and staff is not too far fetched.
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Post by chefying on Dec 1, 2014 14:08:46 GMT
Second (of three parts) of the Ming Dynasty... Ming dynasty C.E. 1602The creator of Xin Yi Liu He Quan 心意六合拳 Heart's Will Six Harrmony fist was born in the Province of Shanxi. In the reign of Emperor Jiajing, (C.E. 1521 - 1567), the Shaolin Monk, Yue Kong 月空, under government orders, lead a team of more than 30 monks to help the military fight 倭 Japanese pirates. In this period was the first recorded differences between Wudang and its internal school of martial arts and Shaolin's external school of martial arts. Popular styles of shadow boxing during this time include (I am not translating all the styles) Song Ancestral 32 movement Long Fist, Six Step Style, Monkey Style, Wen Family 72 path style, etc. Martial arts practitioners known for their Kicking Styles include Li Ban Tian 李半天 and Qian Die Zhang 千跌张 (I believe these are nicknames) Martial arts practitioners famous for their Palm Styles include YingZhao Wang 鹰爪王, Tang Yang Wu 唐养吾. Zhang BoJing 张伯敬 was famous for his skill in Striking style. Various martial arts practitioners known for their internal style include Zhang SongQi, Dan Si Nan and Wang Wei Nan. Famous military strategist and poet, Tang ShunZhi 唐顺之, composed "Song of E'mei Taoist", extolling the salient points of E'mei fighting style. The Tai He division 太和门 of Wudang Sect commenced construction of ZhenQing Temple 真庆宫 on Mount Wudang in the Province of Hubei, The founder of the Tai He division 太和门 of Wudang Sect, Deng KunLun 邓坤伦 Five Poison class of martial arts. Forumer yenchin had this to say on this part:- "Due to the fame of Jin Yong's Heavenly Sword, Dragon Sabre, Zhang SongXi is thought to be Zhang SanFeng's disciple, as one of the 7 Heroes.
Historically speaking, Zhang SongXi is not Zhang SanFeng's disciple as in Jin Yong's HSDS. Though based on some records he mentions that his "Internal Fist" was created by Zhang SanFeng.
After Zhang SongXi the lineage passed down to Wang Zheng Nan (王征南) and there seems to be no further records of this style. According to some document (or legend?) it was passed down to Gan FengChi (甘鳳池) and then became a so-called "Southern Taichi". Not sure about this since I never saw this style."
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Post by chefying on Dec 1, 2014 14:15:13 GMT
This is the third and final part on martial arts development in the Ming Dynasty. Ming Dynasty C.E. 1368-1644C.E. 1618 - Tang Shunzhi 唐顺之, the military strategist and poet of the time, wrote the book "Wu Bian" 武编C.E. 1621 - Mao YuanYi 茅元仪, a great martial artist of the time, published the book Wu Bei Zhi 武备志 Cheng ZongXian 程宗献, a great martial artist of the time, published the book Geng Yu Sheng Ji 耕余剩技C.E. 1624 - Taoist ZiYi 紫凝 of Mount Tian Tai 天台山 donned the guise of the Buddhist Damo 达摩 wrote the Sinew Transforming Sutra 易筋经. C.E. 1628 - Chen YuanBin 陈元斌, a great martial artist of the time, went to Edo 江户, Japan (present day Tokyo) to teach martial arts. A great martial artist of the time, "One Armed Nun" 独臂神尼 wrote about internal style of marital arts in the book Bai Hua Shou 百花手(Lit. Hundred Flowers Hand). This brings and end to the martial arts development in the Ming dynasty. Next to translate is the martial arts development in the Qing dynasty. Meanwhile, forumer yenchin observed:- "1. So there IS a One-Armed Nun! Though the time is different from the one usually mentioned. I skimmed the net and besides all the wuxia references, it seemed that I could only find information identical to the exhibit.
2. The Wudang Taihe School is quite interesting, two of their martial arts are titled with "Five Venom" and one also uses the word "殛" (put to death, death strike...etc). Sounds like a very nasty school!
A quick search on the net shows that the "Five Venoms" referred in the school are as follows: 五毒者,一招殛敌,一毒也。伤人无救,二毒也。打散一切服气之功,三毒也。一提劲发众人,四毒也。符咒训导,五毒也。
"The Five Venoms are: One strike killing the enemy. No cure for the wounded. Dissipating all Qi. Attack on many with force. Spell Training and Guidance." "
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Post by chefying on Dec 5, 2014 9:59:25 GMT
The Qing's ruled after the demise of the Ming Dynasty. To make it easier to read, I split this Qing list into three parts. This is the first part of the martial arts development during the Qing Dynasty. Qing Dynasty C.E. 1644-1911Early Qing - Renowned martial artist Wang Lang 王郎 creates Praying Mantis style of fighting style. 1661 - In Hebei, renowned martial artist Wu ZhongSheng 吴钟生 started to teach the Eight Ultimate Fist 八极拳. 1662 - Renowned martial artist Wu XXX (I don't know how this word is romanised) 吴殳 wrote the book ShouBi Lu 手臂录 (a book about various types of martial arts). 1676 - Renowned martial artist Huang Bai Jia 黃百家 wrote 內家拳法 (a book about internal style of martial arts). 1719 - Chen Wangting 陈王廷 the founder of the Chen School of Taiji died. 1727 - Chang Naisheng 苌乃周, subsequently the founder of the Chang Family Style of martial arts 萇式武術, was born in Henan. 1760 - Popular martial artist of the time, Gong XiangJun 公相君 taught martial arts in Japan. 1771 - Chen ZhangXing 陈长兴, subsequently an important disseminator of Chen School of Taiji, was born. 1841 - In the SanYuan 三元 district of Guangzhou, Masters Yan HaoZhang 颜浩长 and Wei ShaoGuang 韦绍光 led a group of peasants armed with cudgels, rakes, lances, etc. and beat and defeated a group of English soldiers.* 1843 - Emperor DaoGuang 道光 of the Qing Dynasty issued an edict instructing the Manchurians to place emphasis on martial arts and shooting arrows from horseback. * Will try to post a photo of the memorial of this event later. Forumer yenchin had this to add on Gong XiangJun 公相君.
This is the origin of the Kusanku Kata in Karate. Gong XiangJun is a title, not a name. Further research shows that there wasn't such a title around that time in China. It is speculated that "Kusanku" is actually the Hokkien (Fujian Province) pronunciation of "Lord Fist Saint" (拳聖君, Quan Sheng Jun in Mandarin, Kun Sing Gun in Hokkien)
Based on this, it is speculated that this "Fist Saint" is a guy called "方卿縉" (Fang QingJin), who was a Martial Art champion (武狀元) from Hokkien. Legend is that he was originally a muck collector, when he was collecting muck from a prison, a prisoner asked him for food. He often sent him food later on and the prisoner began teaching him martial arts, mostly fist styles. When the prisoner was released, he taught Fang his kicking style, but warned him to use it only in defense situations or he'll die soon.
Fang eventually went to the Capital to attend the official martial art test. During the last round in the tournament he fought someone who was almost his equal and used his kick skills, winning as the champion. However, he died suddenly one year later.
This last part of his legend complicates the problem since it means that Fang didn't really have much time to visit Japan. Therefore it might've been his students or someone else who passed down his style.
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Post by chefying on Dec 7, 2014 1:25:51 GMT
1841 - In the SanYuan 三元 district of Guangzhou, Masters Yan HaoZhang 颜浩长 and Wei ShaoGuang 韦绍光 led a group of peasants armed with cudgels, rakes, lances, etc. and beat and defeated a group of English soldiers.* * Will try to post a photo of the memorial of this event later. San Yuan District in Guangzhou, or more specifically, San Yuan Li 三元里 was the site where the locals fought against, and defeated, the English soldiers in 1841. This is the memorial in San Yuan Li to this event. This is a picture of the (present day) corner of the wall of San Yuan Li district. The locals do not forget the past even easily. There is a road named "Resist the English" in the San Yuan Li district.
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Post by chefying on Dec 7, 2014 1:35:18 GMT
This is the second of three parts of the martial arts development during the Qing Dynasty. 1862 - Born in 1808, and now living in Beijing, Dong HaiChuan 董海川, the creator of Eight Trigram Fist 八卦掌,selected a successor 1874 - Deng ZhongShan 邓钟山, the head of the 10th generation of Wudang's Tai He Branch 太和门,while residing in Wudang's Zhen Qing Gong 真庆宫, spent five years writing the book with graphics "Tu Shuo Gong Jia Mi Fa Shi Chang Quan Ben" 图说功家密法实全本. 1881 - Deng ZhongShan 邓钟山 (see above) was invited by the officer of the Qing Court, Zuo ZongTang 左宗棠 to leave Wudang for JiangNing Fu 江宁府 to teach martial arts. Deng - subsequently General Li Degui 李德贵 as the head of the 11th generation of Wudang's Tai He Branch 太和门. Martial Arts scholar Wang Zuyuan 望祖源 wrote and had published the book "Neigong Tu Shuo" 内功图说. 1886 - The Court Painter Yang XinFo drew the portrait of Huang ChunYan 黄春燕, a female martial artist from the JiangNan region. She was from the 11th generation of Wudang's Tai He Branch 太和门. 1894 - A famous Japanese karate exponent arrived in Fujian Province of China to learn Di Shu Quan Fa 地术犬法 from the locals* 1899 - The Boxer Rebels were active in disseminating Chinese martial arts.** * I initially thought there might be a typo in the exhibition here, because the sound "quan" can be rendered both as 拳 and 犬 - but the former means Fist, as in a fighting form, while the latter means Dog. Forumer yenchin subsequently confirmed that it was actually Dog, not Fist as in the fighting form. ** This was the prelude to the Boxer Rebellion. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion
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Post by chefying on Dec 7, 2014 1:42:49 GMT
1894 - A famous Japanese karate exponent arrived in Fujian Province of China to learn Di Shu Quan Fa 地术犬法 from the locals* * I initially thought there might be a typo in the exhibition here, because the sound "quan" can be rendered both as 拳 and 犬 - but the former means Fist, as in a fighting form, while the latter means Dog. Forumer yenchin subsequently confirmed that it was actually Dog, not Fist as in the fighting form. Forumer yenchin explained this on the Dog Style.. I did a search and "地術犬法" is correct. Literally, "Ground Skill Dog Method".
It goes by the nickname "Dog Style" and it seems to be focused on fighting in lower poses, in some cases laying on the ground, hence the name. There are some interesting backstories of this style and I'll post it later. There are currently 3 tyes of Dog style and each with their origin stories.
The 1st one is based on the master Chen YiJiou (陳依九). During early Qing, there was a White Lotus Temple which was near the Southern Shaolin. The skill was already passed down and practiced in the White Lotus Temple. After the Southern Shaolin was destroyed the nuns and monks of the White Lotus Temple also scattered to avoid trouble. There was a nun going by the title "April" or "Four Moon" (四月大師) who was helped by the Chen family in YungTai (永泰), so the skill was passed to them for thanks. A member of the Chen family, due to killing someone, fled to Singapore to avoid being caught, living in his relative, Chen YiJiou's home, and passed it to Chen YiJiou. Chen YiJiou was a martial artist himself, not only practicing Chinese martial arts but also Muay Thai. After training on Dog Style his martial arts improved. Chen YiJiou later moved back to China in the 1940's and passed down the style.
The second one is also interesting, it credits WuMei (五枚, "Ng Mui" in Cantonese) as the creator. (WuMei is also credited as the creator of Wing Chun, and a male WuMei is the creater of the Tibetan White Crane) According to the story WuMei noticed that women had difficulties in fighting due to the food binding custom resulting in weak footwork. After observing dogs fighting she created a style that could be used when one fell on the ground. The style was passed down to her daughter Miao CuiHua (Miu TsuiFa, 苗翠花), who passed it to her son, Fong SaiYuk (方世玉). That's right, that Fong SaiYuk. Fong combined the dog style with his Shaolin style, and began passing down the martial art. After Southern Shaolin was destroyed Fong hid in a temple in YungTai and passed it down to the monks. Eventually one of the monks trained a commoner, who later fled to QuanZhou (泉州) due to some reason and spread the style.
The third one also involves a Southern Shaolin martial art master with the last name of Fong. It says that this Master Fong was hiding in a temple (different from the one above) in YungTai, and practiced by himself until he was noticed by the locals. A painter called Zheng YiXiang (鄭義香) came to learn and was accepted. Zheng eventually began teaching the style in FuZhou (福州)
My comments: This story, while the name and lineages are clear, makes me wonder about each link. The "martial art passed down by a fleeing monk/nun/secret society member" and "killed someone and fled" seems to be repeated a lot in martial art origin stories to the point that it sounds like something's going on beyond the generic descriptions. Or maybe I'm just paranoid.
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Post by chefying on Dec 11, 2014 3:24:56 GMT
This is the third and final part on the development of martial arts in the Qing Dynasty. The developments in 1899 had been translated in the previous post. 1900 - The Alliance of the Eight Nations* attacked China. Local martial artists tried to defend the country. 1901 - The Qing Court abolished the Martial Exams. 1908 - The first Students' Sports Meet was held in JiangNan Province, attracting competitors from 86 schools from the surrounding areas. This activity started martial arts sparring and other activities. 1910 - Chen Shimei 陈世美, the military governor of Shanghai, recommended to Dr. Sun Yatsen the use of the Yin 尹 sisters. The Yin sisters had publicly demonstrated their skill in "WuDu JiShou" 五毒殛手, and they subsequently became the personal bodyguards to Dr. Sun Yatsen. Huo Yuanjia 霍元甲 was invited to open a martial arts fitness school 精武体操学校 in Shanghai. He died three months later. 1911 -Dr. (now President) Sun Yatsen appointed martial artist Zhu Zhenying 朱振英 as the Republic's martial arts coach. Using their martial arts skills, the Yin sisters had, more than ten times, frustrated the Qing Court's attempts to assassinate Dr. Sun Yatsen. Up North in Tianjin 天津, the famous martial artists formed the Chinese Martial Artists Association 中华武士会 to disseminate traditional Chinese martial arts. In Shanghai, the martial arts fitness school 精武体操学校 changed its name to martial arts fitness association 精武体操会. *For details on the Alliance of the Eight Nations see the link below:- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-Nation_Alliance
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Post by chefying on Dec 11, 2014 3:29:04 GMT
There is an interesting back story on the Yin sisters, involving spying and assassinations etc. They were heavily influenced by their one-time teacher, Qiu Jin 秋瑾- the female martyr of the Chinese Revolution. The Yin sister's "WuDu JiShou" 五毒殛手 was formidable, and apparently originated from Wudang's Tai He Branch 太和门. Forumer yenchin contributed thus on the Yin sisters:- After some further searching on the net, it seems that information regarding the Wudang Taiho Branch is confusing. There are like thousands of copy-paste articles which makes it difficult to weed out through the repetitive content (support or skeptic) and at least see some serious research.
Anyway the style was publicized by a guy called Fan KePing (范克平) who began publishing manuals around the late eighties and is currently in semi-retirement, with his disciple training students. There are like quite a few posts on the net mentioning that this Master Fan is a fraud, and the publications are kind of like cut and paste of Taoist meditation techniques. An author of one of the posts even actually trained with him to see what's going on.
Based on Fan, the Wudang Taiho was strictly passed down by single lineage until he began teaching it openly. If the Wudu JiShou shown by the Yin Sisters is based on the Taiho Branch there is likely some contradiction going on. The Taiho manuals can be found all over the net and an interesting fact is that there are different skills for men and women. Which brings up the question on how a single lineage can be passed effectively if there are skills designed for the opposite gender. (There is a manual for women for training and maintaining good figure, maybe I should try that one and see what it does to me )
And regardless of these problems mentioned, so far based on their videos (which could be found on youku) there doesn't seem to be anything that matches the claim of the five venoms I mentioned earlier in this discussion.
Who knows? Maybe the style was really lost, or maybe the masters lost some important key elements (such as the "spell training"...perhaps the manuals are now being studied in Hogwarts or Brakebills?)
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Post by chefying on Dec 18, 2014 16:00:45 GMT
The developments during the Republican days were quite different. 1912 – Martial arts scholar Xu Yu Sheng 许禹生 returned from abroad and opened the “BeiPing* Sports Research Institute” in Beijing
1914 – JingWu Gymnastics Society 精武体育会 was re-established
1915 – All China United Education Society, pushed by Xu Yu Sheng 许禹生 and other prominent martial artists proposed and obtained approval for the idea that all schools’ curriculum should include martial arts practice.
1917 - All China United Education Society and the All China United Specialised School Society, under the proposal from the Shandong representative, decided to promote the book complied by Ma Liang 马良 titled “The New Chinese Martial Arts” for the schools’ martial arts practice curriculum.
1919 - Wu Zhi Qing 吴志青 and other martial arts enthusiasts established the “Shanghai Chinese Martial Arts Society”.
The JingWu Gymnastics Society 精武体育会 opened branches in the cities HanKou 汉口, Guangzhou 广州, FoShan 佛山, ShanTou 山头, Xiamen 厦门, ShunQing 顺庆 etc.
Chen PinSan 陈品三 completed the “Pictorial Guide to Chen Style Taiji”.
1920 - JingWu Gymnastics Society 精武体育会 extended its presence outside China in cities with high overseas Chinese population, e.g. Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Penang Island, Jakarta, Semarang 三宝垄, Surabaya 泗水, 西丰**,Seremban, Ipoh, Kampar, Melaka in the form of "Overseas Chinese JingWu Gymnastics Society".
1921 - Via martial arts performances and other activities, Lin ShiRong 林世荣(of the Tiger and Crane Style) and his disciples raised funds in Guangzhou***. * In early the Ming Dynasty, Beijing 北京 was known as BeiPing 北平** I have no idea where 西丰 is. It could be in Indonesia or Malaysia. *** Presumably, this was before he fled to Hong Kong.
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Post by chefying on Dec 22, 2014 14:00:55 GMT
This is the last display on the historical development of martial arts in China, the photo of which was taken in the Museum of Martial Arts history in Pingyao. 1922 – Commercial Press* 商务 published the quarterly TiYu 体育 Magazine, promoting traditional Chinese martial arts.
1923 – Ma Liang 马良, Tang Hao 唐豪, Xu YuSheng 许禹生 and others the “All China Martial Arts Sports Competition” in Shanghai
1924 – In the third “All China Sports Competition”** held in WuChang, for the first time the display of the “kata” (the stylised shadow boxing peculiar to each fighting style) was included as an event, with a standardised marking scheme.
1925 - At the eleventh “All China United Sports Competition” held in Changsha, the proposal of that “the practice of martial arts should be given priority in schools” was passed.
After this, the listing gets rather boring mainly talking about Competitions and similar activities, perhaps with the exception that in 1933 the XingYi Style Master published three books on XingYi Style, the one I find most interesting is the one on the “Paralysis Touch” 点穴 * I believe this publication house is in Hong Kong ** I believe the display mean “All China Martial Arts Sports Competition”
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Post by chefying on Dec 22, 2014 14:02:13 GMT
This bring an end to the photos I have on the PingYao Martial Arts Museum.
I hope they had been informative.
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